Overcoming The Challenges of CAR T-Cell Therapy Development
In today’s world, there is no scarier disease than cancer. Cancer is often considered deadly and untreatable, supported by the fact that cancer has been one of the crucial causes of mortality globally. In 2020, there were approximately 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths. However, with Medicine, Biotechnology, and the pharmaceutical industry advancing rapidly, it is safe to say that not all cancers are deadly and untreatable. It is possible to get rid of cancer if diagnosed at the right time with various new and emerging Immunotherapies. Immunotherapy is a treatment technique for cancer that aids your immune system in fighting cancerous cells. There are multiple types of Immunotherapies used for cancer treatment, such as:
·
Immune
checkpoint inhibitors: This treatment involves drugs that can block the immune
checkpoints, thereby allowing the immune systems to function fully activated
and more potent than usual.
·
Monoclonal
antibodies: Monoclonal antibodies can be designed according to the needs and
administered into the immune system to fight cancer.
·
Treatment
Vaccines: It is designed to boost immunity and function with an enhanced
ability to fight cancer. It differs from regular preventive vaccines as it is
administered to patients with cancer.
·
Immunomodulators:
Drugs that boost the immune parts of the immune system to treat cancer.
·
Cytokines and
oncolytic viruses: This treatment incorporates cytokines and modified viruses
to boost immune responses against cancer.
·
T-cell
transfer therapy: A method that involves selecting immune cells from a
patient’s tumor, modifying them to kill the tumor, and then incorporating them
back into the patient, thus fighting cancer. CAR T-cell therapy is one such
emerging treatment for cancer.
What Is CAR T-Cell Therapy?
CAR T-cell therapy is a gene therapy that involves
genetic modification of a patient’s T cell to create an immune response and
fight against cancer. The treatment employs modified T cells known as chimeric
antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells to recognize and kill cancer cells. T cells are
taken from the patient and genetically engineered. A chimeric antigen receptor
(CAR) is transmitted into the cells via a viral vector, allowing T cells to
recognize better and destroy cancer cells. Antigen receptor cells multiply and
destroy target cells as they realize the patient’s cells’ desired surface
structure.
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