Green Hydrogen As A Key To Carbon Free Economy
As more countries are interested in adopting decarbonization strategies, hydrogen has a critical role. Applying this feat will be particularly difficult in sectors where direct electrification is challenging, for example, in harder-to-abate sectors, such as steel, chemicals, long-haul transport, shipping, and aviation. The pre-requisite for this is for hydrogen production to involve lower carbon and, ultimately, a green mode of production. This green hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis using renewable forms of electricity.
In addition to system regulations and market
design, production costs are considered a significant barrier to green hydrogen
uptake. Prices of renewable power sources are falling, but green hydrogen is
still double as expensive as the blue hydrogen produced from fossil fuels,
including carbon capture and storage, making it unsustainable. Further cost
reductions are needed to broaden companies' use of green hydrogen.
The most significant production cost component for
green hydrogen on-site generation is the renewable electricity cost that powers
the electrolyzer unit. This cost challenge makes green hydrogen production more
expensive than blue hydrogen, irrespective of the electrolyzer's cost.
Therefore, a lower price of electricity is necessary to produce competitive
green hydrogen in the current scenario. Locations with optimal renewable
resources can effectively produce green hydrogen to achieve a carbon-free
advantageous edge.
Lowering the cost of electricity supply is not
enough to achieve a competitive green hydrogen production. Along with this,
reductions in the price of electrolysis facilities are also needed. This is
considered the second largest cost component in green hydrogen production; it
identifies critical strategies that reduce investment costs for electrolysis
plants. These strategies are multifaceted and can range from the electrolyzer
stack's fundamental design to broadening the system-wide elements.
Production of Green Hydrogen
Hydrogen production using water electrolyzers can
be equipped with an anion exchange membrane (AEM), a water feed, and several
cheap components like platinum metal-free catalysts and stainless-steel bipolar
plates (BPP). The AEM electrolyzer’s optimum performance must have a compact
design, stability, H2 purity, and high current densities of PEM systems. The
current technology in AEM water electrolysis is defined by sporadic reports,
mostly dealing with catalyst or membrane development. This technology’s growth
needs a roadmap for the systematic development and commercialization of AEM
systems and their components.
The development of catalysts, membranes, and
ionomers for AEM electrolysis has been sporadic, focusing on integrating the
various MEAs and cell testing components. As a result, the best performance
data shown in AEM cells has been obtained with commercially available
materials. Hence, developing these critical components of this technology is
essential for the systematic development and commercialization of AEM systems
and components.
Once the challenges of materials development are
covered, AEM water electrolysis can drive hydrogen as an energy source in the
future, especially in developing countries.
Efficiency is only indirectly indispensable; what
bothers is the cost. The electrolysis process’s overall cost comprises the
electrolyzer system’s fee, including its maintenance and replacement of damaged
membranes, the cost of the electricity, and additional costs for drying, cleaning,
gas compression, and transport.
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